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The 4000 series is the general classification used to refer to the industry standard There was an error working with the wiki: Code[3] functions using There was an error working with the wiki: Code[4] logic chips. Almost all IC manufacturers active during the era fabricated chips from this series.

Description

Initially, the 4000 series was slower than the popular 7400 TTL chips, but had the advantage of much lower Electric power consumption, the ability to operate over a much wider range of supply There was an error working with the wiki: Code[5] design due to the vastly increased There was an error working with the wiki: Code[6] operation, compared with TTL's 10 MHz) meant that their applications were limited to static or slow speed designs. Later, new fabrication technology largely overcame the speed problems, while retaining backward compatibility with most circuit designs. Although all semiconductors can be damaged by There was an error working with the wiki: Code[7] techniques edged out the modular chip approach to design. The 4000 series is still widely available, but perhaps less important than it was two decades ago.

The series was extended in the late 1970s and There was an error working with the wiki: Code[23] to include new types which implemented new or more greatly integrated functions, or were better versions of existing chips in the 4000 series. Most of these newer chips were given 45xx and 45xxx designations, but are usually still regarded by engineers as part of the 4000 series. In the 1990s, some manufacturers (e.g. There was an error working with the wiki: Code[24]) ported the 4000 series to their There was an error working with the wiki: Code[25] / There was an error working with the wiki: Code[26] series to make chips like the 74HCT4060 that offers the functionality of a 4060 IC but with the speed of the 74HCT chip.

Design considerations

The original 4000 series was available in two versions. The A series was unbuffered, while the B series featured buffered outputs. The buffered outputs were able to source or sink more current than the unbuffered outputs, which could eliminate the need for discrete switching transistors in some designs. The buffered versions were also faster, as the There was an error working with the wiki: Code[8] time through the buffer was faster than the unbuffered chip's output transistor

The 4000 series permits the use of "There was an error working with the wiki: Code[27]" design at least for slow design, where standard circuit elements can be created and shared, and connected to other circuits with few, if any, connection difficulties. This greatly speeds up the design of new hardware by reusing standard approaches to circuit design. In contrast, TTL circuits, while similarly modular, often required much more careful interfacing, since the limited fanout (and fan-in) meant that loading of each output had to be carefully considered. Some modern TTL families, like There was an error working with the wiki: Code[28] reduce this problem with fanouts of 20. It is also much easier to prototype LSI designs using the 4000 series and get repeatable and transferrable results when moving to the more integrated design.

Some care needed to be taken with the design of circuits using these chips. Many parts offered multiple gates in a single package. Using less than the complete number of gates was common, and an engineer who forgot to tie off the other gates would find the chip using too much current. The problem was caused by biasing in each gate. With the outputs disconnected, the gate would bias itself into a linear mode where the outputs were partially switched. This left the output buffer drawing a great deal of current, since it wasn't fully on or off.

Example common 4000 series chips

4000 - Dual 3-Input NOR Gate and Inverter

4001 - Quad 2-Input NOR Gate

4002 - Dual 4-Input NOR Gate There was an error working with the wiki: Code[9]

4007 - Dual Complementary Pair and Inverter

4008 - 4-Bit There was an error working with the wiki: Code[10]

4009 - hex high-to-low voltage (inverter)

4010 - hex non-inverting buffer

4011 - Quad 2-Input There was an error working with the wiki: Code[11]

4012 - Dual 4-input NAND Gate

4013 - Dual D-type There was an error working with the wiki: Code[12] with set and clear

4014 - 8-bit Static There was an error working with the wiki: Code[13] with There was an error working with the wiki: Code[14] There was an error working with the wiki: Code[15] Enable Input

4015 - Dual 4-Bit Serial-In/Parallel-Out There was an error working with the wiki: Code[16]

4016 - Quad Bilateral Switch

4000 series - Johnson Decade Counter with 10 Decoded Outputs

4019 - quad AND/OR select gate

4020 - 14-stage binary counter

4021 - 8-Bit Static Shift Register with Asynchronous Parallel Load Input

4022 - 4-Bit There was an error working with the wiki: Code[17] up/down counter

4023 - triple 3-input NAND gate

4024 - 7-Stage Binary Ripple Counter

4025 - Triple 3-Input NOR Gate

4000 series - Decade counter with seven-segment display driver

4027 - Dual J-K flip-flop with set and clear

4028 - 1-of-10 Decoder

4029 - Synchronous Up/Down Counter, Binary/Decade Counter

4030 - Quad 2-input There was an error working with the wiki: Code[18] (obsoleted by 4070)

4038 - Dual There was an error working with the wiki: Code[29] There was an error working with the wiki: Code[30]

4040 - 12-Stage Binary Counter

4041 - Buffer True Complement

4043 - Quad R/S Latch with Active HIGH Set and Reset Inputs (3-State)

4043 - Quad Tri-state Set/Reset latch

4044 - Quad R/S Latch with Active LOW Set and Reset Inputs (3-State)

4046 - There was an error working with the wiki: Code[31] with VCO

4047 - Monostable/Astable Multivibrator

4048 - Multifunctional expandable 8-input (3-state output)

4049 - Buffer Inverting (6 NOT gates) (unusual pin configuration, capable of directly driving 74-series TTL)

4050 - Buffer Non-Inverting (6 buffers) (unusual pin configuration, capable of directly driving 74-series TTL)

4051 - 8-Channel Analog Multiplexer/Demultiplexer

4052 - Dual 4-Channel Analog Multiplexer/Demultiplexer

4053 - Triple 2-Channel Analog Multiplexer/Demultiplexer

4054 - There was an error working with the wiki: Code[19] driver

4055 - BCD-to-7-segment decoder/driver with "display-frequency" output

4056 - BCD-to-7-segment decoder/driver with strobed-latch function

4059 - Programmable Divide-By-N Counter

4060 - 14-Stage Ripple-Carry There was an error working with the wiki: Code[32] Counter/Divider and There was an error working with the wiki: Code[33]

4066 - Quad Analogue Switch (Low "ON" Resistance)

4067 - 16-Channel Analog Multiplexer/Demultiplexer

4068 - 8-input NAND/There was an error working with the wiki: Code[20] gate

4069 - Hex Inverter (6 unbuffered NOT gates)

4070 - Quad EXCLUSIVE-OR Gate

4071 - Quad 2-Input OR Gate

4072 - Dual 4-Input OR Gate

4073 - Triple 3-Input AND Gate

4075 - Triple 3-Input OR Gate

4076 - Quad D-Type Register with 3-State Outputs

4077 - Quad There was an error working with the wiki: Code[21] Gate

4081 - Quad 2-Input AND Gate

4082 - Dual 4-Input AND Gate

4085 - Dual 2-wide, 2-input AND/OR invert (AOI)

4086 - Expandable 4-wide, 2-input AND/OR invert (AOI)

4093 - Quad 2-Input NAND There was an error working with the wiki: Code[22]

4094 - 8-Stage Shift-and-Store Bus Register

4104 - Quad Low-to-High Voltage Translator with 3-State Outputs

4502 - Strobed Hex Inverter/Buffer (3-State)

4503 - Hex buffer (3-state non-inverting)

4504 - hex voltage level shifter for TLL to CMOS or CMOS to CMOS operation

4000 series - BCD to seven-Segment Latch/Decoder/Driver with Lamp Test Input

4512 - 8-Input Multiplexer (3-State)

4514 - 1-of-16 Decoder/Demultiplexer with Input Latches Outputs LOW at Data Input HIGH

4515 - 1-of-16 Decoder/Demultiplexer with Input Latches Outputs HIGH at Data Input HIGH Inverting

4516 - Binary Up/Down Counter

4517 - Dual 64-Bit Static Shift Register

4518 - Dual BCD Counter

4519 - Quad 2-Input Multiplexer

4520 - Dual 4-Bit Synchronous Binary Counter

4521 - 24-Stage Frequency Divider and Oscillator

4526 - Programmable 4-Bit Binary Down Counter

4528 - Dual Retriggerable Monostable Multivibrator with Reset

4532 - 8-Input Priority Encoder

4538 - Dual Retriggerable Precision Monostable Multivibrator

4541 - Programmable Timer

4543 - BCD to 7-Segment Latch/Decoder/Driver with Phase Input

4555 - Dual 1-to-4 Line Decoder/Demultiplexer

4556 - Dual 1-of-4 Decoder/Demultiplexer

4557 - 1-to-64 Bit Variable Length Shift Register

4572 - quad NOT, single NAND, single NOR

4585 - 4-Bit Magnitude Comparator

4750 - Frequency Synthesizer

4751 - Universal Divider

4794 - 8-Stage Shift-and-Store Register LED Driver

4894 - 12-Stage Shift-and-Store Register LED Driver

4938 - Dual Retriggerable Precision Monostable Multivibrator with Reset

4952 - 8-channel analog multiplexer/demultiplexer

40098 - Hex Inverting Buffer (3-State)

40105 - 4 bit x 16 word fifo register

40106 - Hex Inverting Schmitt-Trigger (NOT gates)

40107 - dual 2-input NAND buffer/driver

40109 - quad low-to-high voltage

40110 - Up/Down Counter-Latch-Decoder-Driver

40116 - 8-bit bidirectional CMOS-to-TTL level converter

40117 - Programmable dual 4-bit terminator

40147 - 10-line to 4-line BCD priority encoder

40174 - Hex D-type flip-flop with reset positive-edge trigger

40175 - Quad D-type flip-flop with reset positive-edge trigger

40193 - 4-Bit Up/Down Binary Counter

40240 - Buffer/Line Driver Inverting (3-State)

40244 - Buffer/Line Driver Non-Inverting (3-State)

40373 - Octal D-Type Transparent Latch (3-State)

40374 - Octal D-type flip-flop positive-edge trigger (3-state)

Notable parts

A few parts are notable in the 4000 series because of their level of integration compared to other . This list is intentionally incomplete and is meant to provide a sample of the more interesting parts in the series.

4017 decade counter

The 4017 IC is a 16-pin There was an error working with the wiki: Code[34] decade There was an error working with the wiki: Code[35] from the 4000 series. It takes clock pulses from the clock input, and makes the ten outputs come on in sequence every time a clock pulse arrives.

Pinout

{| border=1

! Pin number !! Name !! Purpose

|-

| 1 || 6 || The 6th sequential output

|-

| 2 || 2 || The 2th sequential output

|-

| 3 || 1 || The 1th sequential output

|-

| 4 || 3 || The 3th sequential output

|-

| 5 || 7 || The 7th sequential output

|-

| 6 || 8 || The 8th sequential output

|-

| 7 || 4 || The 4th sequential output

|-

| 8 || 0V, VDD || The connection to the 0V rail

|-

| 9 || 9 || The 9th sequential output

|-

| 10 || 5 || The 5th sequential output

|-

| 11 || 10 || The 10th sequential output

|-

| 12 || CO || Carry out output - goes high when changing from 10 to 1

|-

| 13 || LE || Latch enable - latches on the current output when high (i.e. the chip counts when LE is low)

|-

| 14 || CLK || Clock in

|-

| 15 || RST || Reset - sets output 0 high and outputs 1 through 9 low, when taken high

|-

| 16 || +9V, VCC || The connection to the +VCC rail (voltage between +3V and +15V)

|}

4026 counter and display decoder

The 4026 IC is a 16-pin There was an error working with the wiki: Code[36] seven-segment There was an error working with the wiki: Code[37] from the 4000 series. It counts clock pulses and returns the output in a form which can be displayed on a There was an error working with the wiki: Code[38]. This avoids using a binary-coded decimal to seven-segment decoder, but it can only be used to display the (decimal) digits 0-9.

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{| border=1

! Pin number !! Name !! Purpose

|-

| 1 || CLK || Clock in

|-

| 2 || CE || Clock enable - when high, clock pulses increment the seven-segment

|-

| 3 || DE || Display enable - the chip outputs to the seven-segment when this is high (i.e. when it's low, the seven-segment is off) - useful to conserve battery life, for instance

|-

| 4 || DEO || Display enable out - for chaining 4026s

|-

| 5 || CO || Carry out output - Is high when changing from 9 to 0

|-

| 6 || F || Output for the seven-segment's F input

|-

| 7 || G || Output for the seven-segment's G input

|-

| 8 || VDD || The connection to the 0V rail

|-

| 9 || D || Output for the seven-segment's D input

|-

| 10 || A || Output for the seven-segment's A input

|-

| 11 || E || Output for the seven-segment's E input

|-

| 12 || B || Output for the seven-segment's B input

|-

| 13 || C || Output for the seven-segment's C input

|-

| 14 || UCS || Ungated C-segment - an output for the seven-segment's C input which isn't affected by the DE input

|-

| 15 || RST || Reset - resets all outputs to low when taken high

|-

| 16 || VSS || The connection to the +9V rail

|}

4511 BCD to seven-segment decoder

The 4511 IC is a 16-pin There was an error working with the wiki: Code[40] BCD to seven-segment decoder from the 4000 series. It takes the There was an error working with the wiki: Code[41] from a binary counter and decodes it to drive a There was an error working with the wiki: Code[42].

Pinout

{| border=1

! Pin number !! Name !! Purpose

|-

| 1 || 2s || Input for the 2s digit from the binary counter

|-

| 2 || 4s || Input for the 4s digit from the binary counter

|-

| 3 || LT || Lamp test - when low, the chip takes all the segments on the display high (to test connections, etc.)

|-

| 4 || BI || Blanking input - when low, the chip doesn't output to the display - to conserve battery life, for instance

|-

| 5 || LE || Latch enable - latches on the current output when high (i.e. the inputs change the output when LE is low)

|-

| 6 || 8s || Input for the 8s digit from the binary counter

|-

| 7 || 1s || Input for the 1s digit from the binary counter

|-

| 8 || 0V, VDD || The connection to the 0V rail

|-

| 9 || E || Output for the seven-segment's E input

|-

| 10 || D || Output for the seven-segment's D input

|-

| 11 || C || Output for the seven-segment's C input

|-

| 12 || B || Output for the seven-segment's B input

|-

| 13 || A || Output for the seven-segment's A input

|-

| 14 || G || Output for the seven-segment's G input

|-

| 15 || F || Output for the seven-segment's F input

|-

| 16 || +9V, VCC || The connection to the +9V rail

|}

References and external articles

There was an error working with the wiki: Code[1]

There was an error working with the wiki: Code[2]

List of 4000 series ICs manufactured by There was an error working with the wiki: Code[43] Semiconductors

http://www.samengstrom.com/nxl/7901/cmos_functional_diagram_page.en.html

Wright, Maury. Milestones That Mattered: CMOS pioneer developed a precursor to the processor EDN, 6/22/2006

Lancaster, Don. CMOS Cookbook, ISBN 0-672-21398-2

There was an error working with the wiki: Code[1], Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation.