PESWiki.com -- Pure Energy Systems Wiki -- your publicly editable site about new energy technologies. Power to the people!

Site:LRP:Western Technology & Soviet Economic Development

From PESWiki

by Leslie R. Pastor [West Tech: A Product of the Control Paradigm]

The three (3) volume study of Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development written by Antony C. Sutton provided a significant ‘revelation,’ that the West, first funded the Russian Revolution and installed a Bolshevik government in Russia, exclusive of all other factions, who were fighting for freedom from ‘centrist’ authoritative totalitarian control, eliminating Kerensky, the Whites, and the Greens, and ultimately the Czar, Czarina and their entire family. Then, subsequently, the United States, European nations and Japan, set about to create and then to sustain the Soviet Union, economically, by providing huge transfers of technology and engineering know-how. All of this is laid out in Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development firstly, and then in Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution secondly. While the American public were literally starving during the Great Depression, and dead broke, having neither income, work, nor pensions, a massive building program was being engineered on the Russian mainland complete with American technology, American Engineering and know-how. Why?

Antony C. Sutton explains: "One of the truly great surprises in researching this study was the discovery that the architectural design and supervision of construction of industrial units as well as the supply of equipment and similar assistance was very much an American responsibility. In the words of Albert Kahn Co., Inc., the foremost industrial architects in the United States:

"It was in 1928…that the most extraordinary commission ever given an architect came in the door unannounced. In that year a group of engineers from the U.S.S.R. came to the Kahn office with an order for a $40 million (dollar) tractor plant, and an outline of a program for an additional two billion dollars’ worth of buildings. About a dozen of these factories were done in Detroit; the rest were handled in a special office with 1,500 draftsmen in Moscow.

The 'outline of the program' presented to the Kahn organization in 1928 was nothing less than the First and Second Five-Year Plans of ‘socialist construction.’ Gosplan had decided upon those sectors it wanted developed and their approximate capacities. No foreign influence has been found at the Gosplan level. These plans were then turned over to the Albert Kahn Company for conversion into production units.

Albert Kahn, Inc., probably unknown to even well-informed readers, is the most famous of U.S. industrial architects. In 1938 the company handled 19 percent of all architect-designed industrial building in the United States, in addition to projects in most major countries elsewhere in the world. Prior to 1939 the company designed and supervised construction of about $800,000,000 worth of industrial buildings in the United States alone. This included the famous River Rouge plant of Henry Ford, plants for the Chevrolet, Packard, Hudson, General Motors, Oldsmobile, Cadillac, Chrysler, and De Soto automobile companies, Kelvinator, United Air Lines, Burroughs Adding Machine, Pratt & Whitney Aircraft, the Glenn L. Martin Company, and dozens of similar firms. For one customer alone, General Motors, the Kahn Company designed 127 major structures prior to 1939.

The $2-billion Soviet design project was two and a half times greater than all the U.S. business handled by the company between its foundation date, 1903, and 1939. As Kahn described the contract: “Probably no organization has ever had a more severe test of its flexibility, speed, and competence. Not only did the plants have to be designed, but machinery had to be selected and ordered, process layouts had to be prepared and the very tools needed to build the plants had to be ordered here and shipped there.”

The formal agreement between Albert Kahn, Inc., and Vesenkha, under which the Kahn Company became consulting architects to the Soviet Union, was concluded in early 1930; upon signing the agreement Moritz Kahn (one of the three Kahn brothers) commented:

“In a short time I shall proceed to Moscow with a staff of twenty-five specialist assistants. We shall then help the Soviet Government to organize a designing bureau, which will comprise about forty-five hundred architectural and engineering designers, selected principally from Soviet Russia, but also from America and other foreign countries. The bureau will be directed by the head of the Building Commission of the Supreme Economic Council.”

This bureau became Gosproekstroi (State Project Construction Trust) the major Soviet design and construction organization. Chief of Gosproekstroi and Chairman of the Vesenkha Building Commission was G. K. Scrymgeour, a Kahn engineer and the only American on the National Technical Soviet. Scrymgeour outlined the Kahn unit functions as follows:

“The Albert Kahn unit was engaged to control, teach and design all light and heavy industry… By the end of the second year we controlled in Moscow, and from Moscow branches in Leningrad, Kharkov, Kiev, Dniepretrovsk, Odessa, Sverdlovsk and Novo-Sibirsk 3,000 designers, and completed the design of buildings costing (these are Soviet figures) 417 million rubles.

The 3,000 designers in Gosproekstroi can be compared to the small size of the Kahn Company in the U.S. The company handled the immense volume of work outlined above, and then absorbed the Soviet design contract, with the following staff:

“In normal times the firm…employs about 400 men and women; among accountants; 80-90 mechanical and electrical engineers; 40-50 field superintendents; some 30 specification writers estimators, expeditors etc., 175 architectural designers and draftsmen.”

The problem, according to Kahn, was that ‘a large percentage of Soviet draftsmen…had apparently never seen a pencil before and Kahn representatives not only had to run it by day, but to hold classes at night.’

Albert Kahn attributed further major advantages to the Soviet Union in its relationship with the Kahn Company. For example, said Kahn, there was only one client: ‘this permits standardization of building construction; all factory buildings for any one type of construction can be built on standardized principles. The result will be a great saving in time and in cost in the preparation of plans and the cost of buildings.’ Moreover, added Kahn, this would enable revision of the Soviet building code with a ‘saving of millions of dollars per annum because of the ultra-conservative character of that code.’

There is in the State Department files an interesting report of an interview with nine engineers from the Albert Kahn unit who called at the U.S. Riga consulate in late 1930 for renewal of entry permits. The report confirms that Kahn was undertaking supply of ‘engineering and architectural talent’ and that 27 American structural engineers, architects, sanitary engineers, and draftsmen were working in one large building in Moscow with 300 Russian engineers. They reported that the Soviet planners indicated the nature of the plant required and the Kahn unit made the designs and drawings. Albert Kahn also maintained its own representatives at larger projects under construction; for example a Mr. Drabkin was the Kahn representative at the Stalingrad Tractor Plant.

This was an excerpt from Antony C. Sutton’s monumental three (3) volume study taken from Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development 1930-1945 pp. 249-252.

Allan Belmont (the former Assistant Director of Domestic Intelligence - FBI) permitted the publication of the following volumes by Dr. Sutton, at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University circa 1968-1973

Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development.1917-1930 [Publication 76]
Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development 1930-1945 [Publication 90]
Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development 1945-1965 [Publication 113]

subsequently, notifying the FBI of these data, and arranged a significant covert operation, known as Operation Solo, to ascertain the extent of Soviet penetration of American technology and science.

National Defense - Creating Communism

http://www.ruwart.com/Healing/chap20.html

Western Technology & Soviet Economic Development

http://users.cyberone.com.au/myers/sutton.html

Albert Kahn Inc

Complete corroboration for the general argument of this study comes from an excellent source: Joseph Stalin. In June 1944, W. Averell Harriman, reporting to the State Department on a discussion between Eric Johnston and Stalin, made the following significant statement:

"Stalin paid tribute to the assistance rendered by the United States to Soviet industry before and during the war. He said that about two-thirds of all the large industrial enterprises in the Soviet Union had been built with United States help or technical assistance."

Source: U.S. State Dept. Decimal File, 033.1161 Johnston, Eric/6-3044: Telegram June 30, 1944

For the interested research scholar interested in verification:
Russian, Soviet, & Eastern European Studies
U.S. Department of State Decimal Files:
Russia/the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, 1910-1954
National Archives Record Group 59
Russia/the Soviet Union, including the Baltic States and the Transcaucasian States
Internal Affairs
Records of the Department of State relating to:
the Internal Affairs of Russia/The SOVIET UNION, 1910-1944
Decimal File 861
1910 - 1929 – M316 – 177 rolls. $4,071.00 (Antony C. Sutton’s Research)
1930 - 1939 – T1249 – 75 rolls. $1,725.00
1940 - 1944 – T1250 – 35 rolls. $805.00
'Scholarly Resources Inc [Primary Materials Used]
To Order: 1-800-772-8937
Scholarly Resources Inc.
104 Greenhill Avenue
Wilmington, DE 19805-1897