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Paul Lowrance Free Energy Research on Magnetic Material

The information on these pages is public domain under the GNU Free Documentation License. This information may be used by anyone to create and/or sell any new device as long as they allow anyone to freely duplicate, improve, and/or sell any such device as they wish.

Directory

Main Page • Foundation • Thermodynamics • Details • Energize • Data • Synopsize • Computer Simulation • Starting your own Research

• Research and Development Questions • Update

Status: This project was commenced publicly on Feb. 28th 2005.

THIS PAGE IS LOCKED FROM EDITING. If you have a change to recommend, then please send me an email at Energy_Mover-owner@yahoogroups.co*m (remove the star). If you are doing research in this field then please add to the Research and Development Questions web page.

This page is a continuation from Energize

The below image shows the hysteresis curves for three different temperatures.

As you can see, the Hysteresis curves widen and become squarer as the temperature decreases. The solid outside line is 5 K, then 7 K, 10 K, and the inner curve is 20 K.

At low temperatures, the disorder is so minute that the material remains more magnetized. The red arrow is pointing the residual flux at a temperature of 5 Kelvin. The blue arrow is pointing the Residual Flux at a temperature of 20 Kelvin. As you can see, there’s a noticeable difference in the BH curves between just 5 K and 20 K. At 5 K the Residual Flux is considerably higher than 20 K. The Coercivity is also considerably higher at 5 K than 20 K. This means the colder material is more difficult to demagnetize since the disorder is less.

For further details please read:

http://www.ecm.ub.es/condensed/eduard/papers/spingla/node6.html

http://www.ecm.ub.es/condensed/eduard/papers/spingla/node2.html

Quote from the above web page, "As temperature is increased the width of the cycle (coercivity) decreases and, as expected, we have not observed hysteresis above Ty. In figure 4 [above figure] we show the effect of temperature on hysteresis by plotting the central part of the hysteresis loops at three different temperatures. In all cases the cycles are smooth and no discontinuities (or avalanches) have been detected. However the cycle corresponding to x=0.36 [the above figure] obtained at T=5 K, shows practically a complete reversal of the remnant magnetization in a very reduced interval of fields. This changes the shape of the hysteresis loop which becomes sharper in its central part."

The below graph shows a plot of temperature versus Initial Permeability.

As you can see, the permeability continues to increase until the material reaches a temperature where the disorder is so great that the material properties diminish completely. The graph, in Celsius (0 Kelvin = -273.15 C), shows the permeability taking a nosedive at 10 C.

This graph shows Rod Permeability vs. Rod Length divided by Rod Diameter. It demonstrates how the magnetic field caused by the material *itself* is self-affecting. As the material length is increased, then there's more magnetic field at any given location. This increases the effective permeability.

As you can see, the permeability for all material types begins to merge when rod diameter is larger than rod length. As we increase the length of the rod, then the intrinsic permeability becomes noticeable. At a certain length to diameter ratio, the materials effective permeability reaches its maximum and is at its intrinsic permeability.

This page is continues to Synopsize