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Directory:Batteries

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Theory, research and development, and market-ready devices that improve the trend toward clean, renewable energy.

For the battery encyclopedia entry, see PowerPedia:Electric battery.

Directory of Battery Resources

In science and technology, an electric battery is a device that stores chemical energy and makes it available in an electrical form. Batteries consist of electrochemical devices such as one or more galvanic cells, fuel cells or flow cells. There are various conventions on the use of "Cell" vs. "battery". Strictly, an electrical "battery" is an interconnected array of one or more similar voltaic cells ("cells"). That distinction, however, is considered pedantic in most contexts (other than the expression dry cell), and in current English usage it is more common to call a single cell used on its own a battery than a cell. The earliest known artifacts that may have been batteries are the Baghdad Batteries, from some time between 250 BCE and 640 CE. The modern development of batteries started with the Voltaic pile developed by the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta in 1800. The worldwide battery industry generates US$48 billion in sales annually (2005 estimate).

See also: Batteries (http://www.freeenergynews.com/Directory/Battery/) - Directory of battery-relevant resources by FreeEnergyNews.com. From R&D to Market available.

Batteries

Products

Litrospheres provide inexpensive, continuous light - A glow-in-the-dark paint company, MPK Co, has come up with self-luminous micro particles called Litrospheres which they say are inexpensive, non-toxic, and will stay on for 12+ years (half-life point) continuously.

Hybrio rechargeable battery - Hybrio by UniRoss is ready to use out of the package, lasts up to 4x longer than standard alkalines on each charge, holds its charge for months, and can be reused over and over for three-plus years.

Sanyo eneloop rechargeable battery (http://www.eneloop.info/) - Ready to use when purchased, has a long shelf life with no loss of energy and is environmentally friendly. The “eneloop solar charger�? (http://www.sanyo.co.jp/koho/hypertext4-eng/0610/1031-1e.html) can charge eneloop batteries with power generated from the sun.

USBCELL (http://www.usbcell.com/) - This NiMH AA cell can be used in normal battery applications and can be recharged simply by plugging into a USB port. No need for a separate charger or cables when travelling. Will be available in other cell formats.

H2O Batteries and Products - e.g. Tango Group product line utilizes a water-powered battery that consists of two electrodes made of special alloys, which, when immersed in water, the resulting chemical reaction produces electricity. Simply refill the battery as the water evaporates - typically every 2 to 3 months. The battery has a minimum continuous life of 2 years.

Gaia Power Technologies (http://www.gaiapowertechnologies.com/) - PowerTower is an advanced battery-based uninterruptible power supply system that is compact, always on, quiet, and reliable. It can provide backup power to a home or business for hours to days and storage for intermittent sources like solar and wind energy.

Companies

Will EEStor ceramic battery replace gas engines by 2008? - Texas company is working on an "energy storage" device made from ceramics. It's not technically a battery because it doesn't use chemicals. It can allegedly charge within 5 minutes with enough energy to move a car 500 miles on about $9 worth of electricity -- about 45 cents a gallon.

A123 Systems lithium-ion battery technology - A123 replaces the cobalt oxide in lithium-ion cells with nanophosphate, enabling a quick charge, while delivering high power density, with a long life-time. Is used in power tools, and is process of breaking into hybrid vehicle market.
- A123 Racing (http://www.a123racing.com/) - The Hypersonic battery modules sold by A123 Racing contain the new nanotech "phosphate doped" Lithium Ion batteries from parent company A123 Systems (http://www.a123systems.com/). These offer all the benefits of Li-Ion cells without the fire or explosion hazards, and outperform normal LI-Ion cells drastically in many areas such as total power output cycle life and calendar life. The cells can also be found in battery packs for the 36V series of DeWalt (http://www.dewalt.com/) power tools.

BatMax uses nanotechnology to extend battery life - Add to any battery to extend life, speed up charge time, rejuvenate battery. Now in production and being shipped to retailers in U.S. and elsewhere.

Power Technology, Inc.'s Breakthrough Lead Acid Battery Technology - Patented lead acid battery breakthrough of Power Technology, Inc. claims smaller battery size, less weight, more ampere hour capacity, increased energy density, less lead, more environment friendly, superior recharge capabilities and longer life.

Electro Energy (http://www.electroenergyinc.com/) - EEI's Bipolar Nickel Metal Hydride (BNMH) batteries use a flat wafer cell design that can be made in any shape. Wafer cells are stacked one on top of another to create multi-cell batteries, providing 40% more energy and 50% higher power than same weight NiCad. Applications include the gasoline/electric hybrids, electric scooters and automotive 42 volt starting batteries.

Ergenics - The Hy-Stor® Segmented Battery is a rechargeable battery being developed for hybrid electric vehicle energy storage. It combines the remarkable energy storage capability of metal hydride alloys with the extraordinary cycle life and discharge rate capabilities of nickel-hydrogen cells. The Hy-Stor battery offers superior performance, economic and safety advantages.

ReVolt Technology (http://www.revolttechnology.com/) - Rechargeable Zinc-air batteries have more than twice as much energy as conventional Li-ion batteries, they cost less to manufacture, are safer to use, and are environmentally friendly. They are suitable for consumer electronics - mobile phones, laptop computers, digital cameras, etc.

PowerGenix (http://www.powergenix.com/) - High density, high cycle-life and low-cost environmentally friendly Nickel-zinc (NiZn) rechargeable batteries are specifically designed for DC-powered products that demand high discharge rate performance. The benefits over traditional nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) and lead-acid batteries include: Up to 75% lighter; Up to 10 times more powerful; Up to 30% smaller.

Canadian Firm Develops Fast-Charge Ultra-Cap 'Battery' (http://www.evworld.com/news.cfm?newsid=15090) - EPOD International (http://www.epodinc.com/) is developing a revolutionary new hybrid battery that can be charged in less than one minute and fully cycled over 100,000 times. It combines the high energy density of batteries with the high power density of capacitors, is not made from rare or expensive elements and is environmentally benign. (EV World; May 10, 2007)

Deeya Energy (http://www.deeyaenergy.com/) - L-Cells have much better charging and discharging performance while being much cheaper than other batteries, contain environmentally benign materials and are infinitely recyclable. They will enable commercial renewable energy storage, Uninterruptible Power Supply and peak-off-peak Load Shifting.

Zinc Matrix Power (http://www.zmp.com/) - High-performance rechargeable silver-zinc batteries offer an extremely high ratio of energy to volume (Wh/l) in applications such as notebook computers, cell phones, and on-body power for military electronics. They provide up to 2X the runtime of lithium-ion battery packs of the same size, are based on intrinsically safe water-based chemistry, and are free from the problems of fire and danger of explosion. Company changed name to ZPower (http://www.zpowerbattery.com/).

AccelRate (http://www.accelrate.com/) - Decreasing charging time while maximizing battery life, AccelRate technology can be used with lead-acid, NiMh, NiCd, and lithium batteries, powering equipment from cell phones to electric vehicles. AccelRate’s charger technology utilizes a charge/discharge algorithm that enables a full state-of-charge in 80% less time than conventional technology, and will extend battery life to its original capacity because of heat reduction during charging.

Axion Power (http://www.axionpower.com/) - The e3 Supercell is a hybrid device that uses a lead-acid battery positive electrode and a supercapacitor negative electrode made of activated carbon. The high power output, rapid recharge (up to 10 times faster), multi-cycle deep discharge capacity, minimal maintenance and low cost, are ideal for electric vehicles and intermittent power sources like wind and solar.

FireFly (http://www.fireflyenergy.com/) - Super battery uses carbon foam current collectors that exhibit a sizeable increase in surface area for chemical reactions to take place and eliminates the need for heavy lead plates found in traditional batteries.

Active Grid Technology (http://www.activegridtech.com/) - AGT has developed a technology that uses ultrasonic energy to increase battery performance by altering the electrochemical conversion process. AGT batteries could be 1/3 to 1/2 the size, not lose efficiency over time, not be as susceptible to cold environments and charge faster at much lower voltages.

mPhase Technologies (http://www.mphasetech.com/nanotechnology.htm) - Will commercialize nanotechnology for inexpensive reserve batteries with unlimited shelf life, miniature size, quick ramp up to full power, and high power and energy density, for military applications, consumer products and advanced systems.

Atraverda (http://www.atraverda.com/) - Ebonex® Technology ceramic composite electrodes enable bipolar lead-acid batteries to be produced with simpler construction, less lead, lower weight and greatly improved performance levels.

Altair Nanotechnologies (http://www.altairnano.com/) - The NanoSafe battery with a nano-titanate negative electrode is high powered yet safe from fire or explosion hazards seen in lithium-ion batteries. Tests confirm (http://www.b2i.us/profiles/investor/ResLibraryView.asp?BzID=546&ResLibraryID=17574&Category=856) that after 15,000 deep charge/discharge cycles the cells still retained over 85% of their original charge capacity, allowing 40 years of daily charging for electric vehicles.

Technology Research Laboratories (http://www.alternativeenergystorage.com/) - Has developed an inexpensive TRL-CIR (Common Ion Redox) Battery that will operate unattended for an indefinite numbers of cycles. Electrolytes and reagents are simple compounds and complexes of inorganic salts. Suitable for solar and wind energy storage, emergency power, load leveling.

BeUtilityFree (http://www.beutilityfree.com/nife.html) - Nickel Iron batteries are environmentally friendly and are the most suitable choice for home power systems. They have the longest life of any battery, efficiency stays about 80% throughout its life time, they do not sulfate, don't freeze, and are easily rejuvenated by a simple electrolyte change. No need to do frequent equalization changes as you have to do with lead acid batteries.

New Oak Ridge thin-film battery (http://www.insidegreentech.com/node/794) - Oak Ridge Micro-Energy (http://www.oakridgemicro.com/), a manufacturer of thin film rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, is developing a new battery that operates below 3 V. The company's batteries are intended for applications such as wireless sensors, radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, semiconductor non-volatile memory chips, and advanced medical devices. (Inside Greentech; Feb. 27, 2007)

Cymbet (http://www.cymbet.com/) - High cycle, high energy density thin-film batteries have a very high discharge rate, do not lose power during storage, have unlimited recharge capability, stable chemistry and can be made in any shape or size. The POWER FAB™ battery is a flexible lithium cobalt oxide cell that uses a solid state LiPON electrolyte. Applications include consumer electronics, RFID tags, medical devices and semiconductors.

Advanced Battery Technologies (http://www.zqpt.com/zqenglish/) - ABAT’s Polymer Lithium-Ion (PLI) batteries for electric vehicles (http://www.abat.com.cn/yysl.asp) offer a high energy density with quick charge, long usage time, 199 mile range and are non-polluting. There are no liquid electrolytes or leakage problems, they are chemically stable, have no “memory problem”, and are full function at temperatures as low as -20 C.

Nanotechnology enables increased battery energy density (http://www.autobloggreen.com/2007/04/29/new-nanotechnology-enables-increased-battery-energy-density/) - Nanoexa (http://www.nanoexa.com/) has a subsidiary in South Korea called Decktron (http://www.decktron.com/product_lit.asp) that is making lithium polymer batteries using Nanoexa's new nanocrystalline material to construct the positive battery electrodes. The company is claiming that allows them to achieve an energy density of 3kW/kg, with 3 times lower weight and 20% higher capacity than Li-ion. (AutoblogGreen; Apr. 29, 2007)

Advanced Lithium Electrochemistry (http://www.aleees.com/) - Lithium-Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) is the latest cathode material for the Li-ion battery. Although the energy density is lower than Li-Co, its advantage is high safety and shorter charge time. The normal cycle life is 2000 times, which is much greater than Li-Co or Li-Mn battery (only 500 times). It is suitable for high power applications like electric vehicles and power tools.

Lead-Acid Battery Developers Targeting Hybrid Applications (http://www.greencarcongress.com/2007/05/leadacid_batter.html) - Effpower (http://www.effpower.com/) is commercializing ceramic bipolar lead-acid batteries. The partitioning walls are made out of porous, lead-infiltrated ceramic (LIC) plates that have shown high corrosion resistance. A Honda Insight with the Effpower lead-acid battery pack outperformed the OEM NiMH pack in terms of fuel consumption. (Green Car Congress; May 30, 2007)

New long range EV battery (http://www.insidegreentech.com/1501/device-conduit-technologies-intros-ev-) - Device Conduit Technologies (http://www.deviceconduit.com/) says its DCT RackPack™ Massively Intermoduled Battery (MIB) pack can finally deliver 100 to 300 mile range to electric and hybrid vehicles at affordable prices. Their solution combines off the shelf systems in a novel manner combined with a new technology. (Inside Greentech; Jul. 20, 2007)

SCiB electric vehicle battery charges in 5 minutes (http://www.autobloggreen.com/2007/12/11/toshibas-new-scib-battery-charges-in-5-minutes-releases-march/) - Toshiba is entering the electric vehicle battery market next March with the release of the Super Charge ion Battery, or SCiB. It charges 90 percent full in 5 minutes, can last 10 years and loses less than 10 percent efficiency after 3,000 recharges. (AutoblogGreen; Dec. 11, 2007)

Battery Types

Earth Batteries

Earth Batteries - Almost any liquid or moist object that has enough ions to be electrically conductive can serve as the electrolyte for a cell; but they are of no real practical use, because they produce far less current—and cost far more per unit of energy generated—than commercial cells. (PESWiki)

Arie M. De Geus' AMDG Scientific Corp - The late Mr. DeGeus discovered novel energy generating technologies, all of which feature ‘over-unity’ energy production, relating to fractional hydrogen, low-energy nuclear transmutations, electrodynamics, torsion fields and electro-gravitics.

Free-Energy Battery Inventor Killed at Airport? (http://pesn.com/2007/12/05/9500463_self-powered_battery_inventor_dead/) - Official statement cites "natural causes" but others familiar with the disruptive potential of the inventor's technology to the existing power structure consider it a probable assassination. (PESN; Dec. 5, 2007)

The Secret of Crystal Units (http://www.zpenergy.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=2089) - Recently a crystal unit running in continuous mode exceeded 3000 mAh electrical charge that was sent through a 910 Ohm resistor. The achieved result outperforms the biggest available NiMH Akkumulator of baby cell size on the market which can deliver up to 2900 mAh. (ZPEnergy; Oct. 23, 2006)

Electrinium ZPE Battery Still Remains Just an Idea (http://pesn.com/2007/12/06/9500462_ElectriniumBattery/) - Theoretical battery proposed in 1980 would consist of an alloy of two different metals that induces the atoms to give off the Zero Point Energy as electrons. So far, no one has built this device. (PESN; Dec. 6, 2007)

Lithium

See separate directory pages:

Carbon Foam

Firefly's Oasis batteries getting some EV fans excited (http://www.autobloggreen.com/2008/01/25/fireflys-oasis-group-31-batteries-getting-some-ev-fans-excited/) - Firefly's (http://www.fireflyenergy.com) newest deep-discharge battery, called the Oasis Group 31, is on target for a summer release date. It promises to double EV range, quadruple battery life, and weigh less too. Microcell™ foam technology resists sulfation and corrosion, increases energy capacity, recharges faster, and has deeper discharge capability. (AutoblogGreen; Jan. 25, 2008)

New FireFly super battery uses carbon foam current collectors (http://home.businesswire.com/portal/site/google/index.jsp?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20060117006130&newsLang=en) - This foam exhibits a sizeable increase in surface area for chemical reactions to take place and eliminates the need for heavy lead plates found in traditional batteries. (Business Wire; Jan. 17, 2006) (FireFly (http://www.fireflyenergy.com/ffy.html)) (U.S. 6,979,513 (http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=ptxt&s1=6,979,513&OS=6,979,513&RS=6,979,513))

Firefly selects manufacturing partners (http://www.greencarcongress.com/2007/05/firefly_energy_.html) - Firefly Energy (http://www.fireflyenergy.com) announced manufacturing partnerships for its innovative carbon-graphite foam lead acid battery, that offers high performance, extremely low weight and low cost. It can be both manufactured as well as recycled within the existing lead acid battery industry’s vast infrastructure. (Green Car Congress; May 11, 2007)

Electrolux signs on as first customer for Firefly's advanced lead acid battery (http://home.businesswire.com/portal/site/home/index.jsp?epi-content=REDIRECT&epi-process=process_redirect.jsp&mtitle=E-Mail+Headlines&ndmViewId=news_view&newsLang=en&newsId=20050622005125&div=428291328) - Technology replaces the heavy lead metal historically utilized in lead acid batteries with an advanced composite material, minimizing end-of-life corrosion, maximizing battery power/energy. (BusinessWire; June 22, 2005)

Silicone

Silicone batteries by Guineng (http://www.guineng.com/index0.htm) - Using silicate salt is used as electrolyte, Guineng batteries "have enormous and durable power and are pollution free." They have high capacity, high current output, rapid recharge time, low temperature performance, long life span, and environment-friendliness.

Update: December 28, 2007

This info has been on Peswiki for over 2 years and is outdated. I have tracked developments closely on this technology over this period. The Guineng company never responded to emails or phone calls. It turns out that the Guineng company was engaged in patent infringement and there was a legal battle and the original company, Greensaver, is now supplying product in China and internationally. I live and work in China and am in contact now with Greensaver and preparing to order and test a small quantity of batteries from their distributor in my state. There are some tests also ongoing by various electric scooter users in the US.

See:

Batteries & Chargers (http://visforvoltage.org/forum/batteries-and-chargers/1737)

As soon as pricing is available I will post detailed info regarding this silicone battery technology. Our company is in a good position to test these batteries for performance in cold weather since we are located in Manchuria. If these batteries live up to their claims on the website, there is a good chance that we can have a significant candidate for EV cars and scooters, etc.

Contact for International sales at Greensaver is:

Lily: email address: littlefoxx@126.com

Main website in English is:

http://www.greensaver.cn/en/news/index.aspx

Timothy Shell, Dec. 28,2007

Biological

Self-Assembling Biological Nanobattery (http://www.newscientisttech.com/channel/tech/dn12270?DCMP=NLC-nletter&nsref=dn12270) - The iron-containing protein, ferritin (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferritin), can hold either a positive or negative charge, and it self-assembles relatively easily into a uniform nanolayer. NASA has filed a patent (http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070134552%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070134552&RS=DN/20070134552) to create one layer of one charge, then cover it with another layer of the opposite charge. NASA reckons its battery is not only stable and robust, but can be produced easily and quickly too. (New Scientist Tech; July 16, 2007)

Powerful Batteries That Assemble Themselves (http://www.technologyreview.com/read_article.aspx?id=17553&ch=energy) - MIT researchers are developing low-cost manufacturing methods based on the rapid reproduction of viruses. Designer viruses coat themselves with inorganic materials, which are doped at regular intervals with gold to enhance their conductivity. Then the coated viruses line up on top of a polymer sheet that serves as the electrolyte. (MIT Technology Review; Sept. 28, 2006)

Viruses Engineered to Construct Batteries (http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-04/miot-mrb040606.php) - Researchers at MIT have modified the M13 virus to create very small batteries. With the viruses building wires 6 nanometers in diameter, the research team hopes to build batteries that range from the size of a grain of rice up to the size of existing hearing-aid batteries. (EurekAlert; Apr. 6, 2006) (See Slashdot (http://hardware.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=06/04/07/0635213) discussion)

Wearable

Paper Batteries in Cosmetics (http://www.greenoptimistic.com/index.php/2008/02/06/paper-batteries-in-cosmetics/) - “Enfucell”, a Finland-based company, has developed a flexible thin battery named “SoftBattery”. This 0.3 – 1.0 millimeter battery (1.5 or 3.0 V) can produce a peak electric current of 4mA/cm². Enfucell was founded in 2002, after nearly ten years of research on power sources for low-power application conducted at the Automation Laboratory of the Helsinki University of Technology. The SoftBattery has several interesting applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and logistics industries. (The Green Optimistic (http://www.greenoptimistic.com/))

Weaving Batteries into Clothes (http://www.technologyreview.com/Nanotech/19487/?nlid=589) - A novel machine that makes nanostructured fibers could be the key to a new generation of military uniforms that take on active functions such as generating (e.g. solar) and storing energy. (MIT Technology Review; Oct. 9, 2007)

Super Capacitor Batteries

Kept Under Secret: New Type of Super Batteries (http://www.greenoptimistic.com/index.php/2008/04/13/kept-under-secret-new-type-of-super-batteries/) - Unofficial sources have said that it’s all about a super capacitor, able to take much more greater charges than usual Li-Ion batteries can do in present days. Actually, they’ll even charge faster and have the ability to release power much more quickly when needed. The new super batteries will never lose their charge capacities, so that would make them man’s best friend in everything, from powering your mp3 to powering your car. Ideally, you’ll only have to purchase one battery of a certain size suited to your applications, and it’ll recharge as many times as you wish.

Misc.

Batteries > PowerGenix Nickel Zinc (http://media.cleantech.com/2587/powergenix-non-toxic-batteries-coming-to-market) - The company's (http://www.powergenix.com/) rechargable batteries contain no lead, cadmium or mercury, which it said offers a cleaner environmental alternative to lead-acid and nickel-cadmium, or NiCd, batteries for use in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (http://www.powergenix.com/hev.php) (HEVs). (CleanTech; March 13, 2008 )

Porous Power Technologies (http://www.porouspower.com/) - Highly porous, microstructured battery components offer dramatic improvements in lithium-ion battery performance and cycle life. PPT offers up to 50% faster charge times, up to 4 times capacity under heavy load, and much longer cycle life for batteries.

Engine on a chip promises to best the battery (http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2006/microengines.html) - MIT researchers are putting a tiny gas-turbine engine inside a silicon chip about the size of a quarter. The resulting device could run 10 times longer than a battery of the same weight can. (MIT News; Sept. 18, 2006)

Urine-Powered Battery (http://pesn.com/2005/08/16/9600149_Urine_Power/) - Singapore physicists create first paper battery that generates electricity from urine. Technology is an ideal match for cheap, disposable healthcare test-kits. (PESN; Aug. 16, 2005)

Altair Nanotechnologies Achieves Breakthrough in Battery Materials (http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release_html_b1?release_id=80729) - New generation of batteries coming. Lithium-Ion batteries that charge in minutes and have three times the power -- at same price. (MarketWire; Feb. 10, 2005)

BatMax uses nanotechnology to extend battery life (http://peswiki.com/index.php/Directory:BatMax) - Add to any battery to extend life, speed up charge time, rejuvenate battery. Now in production and being shipped to retailers in U.S. and elsewhere. (PESWiki; Jan. 27, 2005)

John Bedini's "School Girl" (Simplified) Battery Charging System (http://peswiki.com/index.php/Directory:Bedini_SG) - Project presents plans for building device for experimental purposes.

Utility Scale Batteries (http://peswiki.com/index.php/Directory:Utility_Scale_Batteries) - ...have finally reached a point of technological development in which they can be integrated into the grid to ensure a constant power supply. This development will affect the entire alternative energy field, as large amounts of electricity generated by alternatives means from solar to wind can be stored in large quantities and used when necessary. (PESWiki; March 25, 2005)

Europositron's Super Batteries (http://www.europositron.net/) - Patented technology based on nanoscale electrochemistry will allow production of rechargeable Aluminum batteries providing up to 20 times more power than present batteries. The materials are environmentally safe and fully recyclable.

Giant Aluminium batteries are for real (http://zpenergy.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1236) - Ab Europositron Oy has been conferred the prestigious 2005 Frost & Sullivan Technology Innovation of the Year Award in the field of battery technologies, "in particular, its design and development of aluminium rechargeable batteries using innovative nanoscale electrochemistry technology." (ZPEnergy; March 23, 2005)

SION Power (http://peswiki.com/index.php/Directory:SION_Power) - Developing a new generation of rechargeable lithium-sulfur batteries for mobile electronics and electric vehicles. Improves capacity, operating temperature and discharge rate, at comparable price. (Thanks John Coviello)

Genius Inventor's Stuff Not Appreciated by . . . ? (http://www.greaterthings.com/News/FreeEnergy/Directory/Inventors/JohnHutchison/apartment/) ... reason. Hutchison's bright day in the sun was nearly twenty years ago when he invented a battery that never needs recharging. Several ...

Compact Power Electric Vehicle -- Independent Coverage (http://www.greaterthings.com/News/FreeEnergy/Directory/EV/CompactPower/) - ... They have batteries that develop 2,000 w/kg and 94 w-hrs/kg. ... Their next generation of batteries will produce 3,000 w/kg" -- DEVC. Highlight. ...

Pulse Power: The Ultimate Battery Charging System (http://www.pulsepower.com/features.htm) - circuit extends life of battery while speeding up the charge time; it even revives old batteries you thought were beyond repair.

New Rechargeable Battery (http://www.zpenergy.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=997) - Zinc Matrix Power Inc. has developed high-performance rechargeable alkaline batteries. Holding ten key patents, ZMP's batteries appear to exceed both the energy and power per volume of other available rechargeable battery chemistries. (ZPEnergy; Oct. 26, 2004)

Magnesium battery patents (http://www.zpenergy.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=902) - Stefan compares Aurbach and Matsushita patents, including "how easy they are to reproduce in your garage." (ZPEnergy; Aug. 25)

Incorporating Biological Energy Paradigms (http://www.freeenergynews.com/Directory/Biological/ATP_inspiration.htm) - Lessons from ATP and nanotechnology for possible energy storage and production solutions. Musings from Douglass A. White, Ph.D.

Sonne Ward's Battery Charger System (http://www.freeenergynews.com/Directory/Inventors/SonneWard/index.html) - Rapid charge produces no gassing, no heat; old batteries refurbished; battery life extended; holds charge longer; price is cheaper; level of market acceptability still lacking.

Golden Valley Electric Association: Alternative Energy (http://www.gvea.com/projects/bessslideshow/bessslideshow3.php) - municipal power provider innovations include a huge battery back-up. The BESS consists of 13,760 battery cells.

China claims to be building most advanced solar battery company (http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200410/11/eng20041011_159743.html) - The core technology of the solar battery lies in the photoelectricity transfer ratio. (People's Daily; Oct. 11, 2004)

Battery Reconditioning

Something to Think About

There are inventors out there who have refined methods of reconditioning batteries by using certain chemicals and a pulsed charge; eliminating the need to discard a batter when its life has been expended. Waiting for manuals, or better yet, someone willing to open source this technology.

The Battery Reconditioning Report (http://pesnetwork.kevindixon.hop.clickbank.net/) - Learn how to start your own niche business by reconditioning Ni-Cd and NiMh batteries. (ClickBank Affiliate (http://pesnetwork.reseller.hop.clickbank.net/)]; Jan. 23)

"This ebook is a smart set of techniques, some of which I knew for years and have applied to seemingly dead NiCad batteries. This looks like a good and simple way to run a very good small business in a field that has lots of opportunity." -- Ken Rauen (http://www.pureenergysystems.com/about/personnel/KennethMRauen/), PES Network Inc., Science Advisor; and founding member of New Energy Congress (http://newenergycongress.org/) (Jan. 24, 2006)

Battery Longevity Add-Ons

World Improvement Through the Spirit Ministries - Timothy Thrapp claims to have an inexpensive patch to place on a battery to make it last much longer and recharge better.

Chargers

Fingertip Powered Charger (http://www.greenoptimistic.com/index.php/2008/03/21/your-fingertips-could-power-your-laptop/) - The working principle for these electricity generators is the piezoelectric effect. These units can be built up in laptops/cell phones and recharge your device's battery while you type.

SmartSpark Energy Sytems (http://www.smartsparkenergy.com/) - BattEQ makes rechargeable batteries last longer by shuttling charge from strong cells to weak cells in a battery string. This increases the life, performance and safety of virtually any battery chemistry; including lead acid, Li-Ion, NiMh and NiCd. Laboratory and field testing has seen performance increases up to 250%.

Charging Batteries without Wires (http://www.technologyreview.com/InfoTech/17791/) - New MIT research reveals a way to send wireless energy to mobile phones and laptops. (MIT Technology Review; Nov. 15, 2006)

AccelRate battery charger (http://www.accelrate.com/) - AccelRate charger technology can be used with lead-acid, NiMh, NiCd, and lithium batteries. Charger utilizes a charge/discharge algorithm that enables a full state-of-charge in 80% less time than conventional technology, and will extend battery life to its original capacity because of heat reduction during charging.

Battery-Powered Battery Charger (http://www.impactlab.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=9518) - Motorola's P970 is essentially a 1700mAh rechargeable battery with a USB port on top. May prove handy for other gadgets that can recharge through their mini USB ports, such as phones, PDA and MP3 players. (Impact Lab; Oct. 14, 2006)

R&D

UltraBattery Passes Testing (http://www.greencarcongress.com/2008/01/csiro-ultrabatt.html) - A hybrid electric test vehicle equipped with a CSIRO UltraBattery (http://www.csiro.au/news/UltraBattery.html) system recently passed 100,000 miles (161,000 km) on the test track. The UltraBattery combines an asymmetric supercapacitor and a lead acid battery in a single unit, creating a hybrid battery that lasts 4x longer, produces 50% more power and is 70% cheaper. (Green Car Congress; Jan. 17, 2007)

Ultracapacitors Soon to Replace Batteries? (http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/nov07/5636) - The synergy between batteries and capacitors — two of the sturdiest and oldest components of electrical engineering — has been growing to the point where ultracapacitors may soon be almost as indispensable to portable electricity as batteries are now. (IEEE Spectrum; Nov. 2007) (See also Slashdot (http://hardware.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=07/11/04/2259232))

A Non-Toxic, Paper Battery / Supercapacitor (http://news.rpi.edu/update.do?artcenterkey=2280) - Researchers at Rensselaer have developed a new energy storage device that resembles a simple sheet of black paper. The nanoengineered battery is lightweight, ultra thin, completely flexible, and geared toward meeting the trickiest design and energy requirements of tomorrow’s gadgets, implantable medical equipment, and transportation vehicles. (Renssalaer; Aug. 13, 2007) (See Slashdot (http://hardware.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=07/08/14/0023202) discussion)

The ABSOLUTE Fuel Cell Battery Hybrid (http://www.greencarcongress.com/2007/06/the-absolute-hy.html) - An engineering team has combined an intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) from Versa Power Systems (http://www.versa-power.com/) with a ZEBRA sodium nickel-chloride battery from Beta Research & Development (http://www.betard.co.uk/). The ABSOLUTE Hybrid (Advanced Battery Solid Oxide Linked Unit to maximize Efficiency) prototype overcomes the known limitations of each. (Green Car Congress; Jun. 26, 2007)

Nanotube Super Capacitor Battery - MIT researchers are developing a battery based on capacitors that utilize nanotubes for high surface area, enabling near instantaneous charging and no degradation. Estimating ~5 years to commercialization.

Tel Aviv Nano Battery - Nano battery developed at the University of Tel Aviv in Israel, is as thick as a strand of hair and holds up under extreme heat.

Russians Harness Star Power in New Battery - Russian scientists from the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research have invented a battery based on a new substance that allegedly can capture energy not only from the sun, but also from the stars.

Tritium Batteries (http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,1895,1988193,00.asp) - The BetaBatt (http://www.betabatt.com/) Direct Energy Conversion battery is not based on chemical reaction. Instead, it relies on the decay of the hydrogen isotope tritium. This continuous emission of electrons is the key to the ever-present charge in BetaBatteries. Tritium has a half-life of 12.3 years, so after 12.3 years, its output is half its original charge. (PC Magazine)

Electrokinetic microchannel battery (http://www.uofaweb.ualberta.ca/newtrail/nav03.cfm?nav03=47269&nav02=47268&nav01=43139) - Researchers found a way to exploit the natural electrical properties of a liquid, such as ordinary tap water, as it flows across a surface, the first time since 1839 that a new electric principle has been used to generate a current. If the mechanics can be improved, water plants could use the technology to generate electricity. (University of Alberta; Winter 2003-2004)

Nanotube Ultracapacitors

MIT researchers introduce nanotech battery (http://pesn.com/2006/02/09/9600232_MIT_Battery/) - Nanotube ultracapacitors would store energy on atomic level, providing what is said to be the first technologically significant and economically viable alternative to conventional batteries in more than 200 years. (PESN; Feb. 9, 2006)

Discovery Could Increase Power of Ultracapacitors (http://www.treehugger.com/files/2006/02/ultracapacitors.php) - MIT laboratories have announced that they can improve ultracapacitors by swapping in carbon nanotubes which would increase the ability to store energy and increase the surface area of electrodes, making them comparable to batteries used in hybrids. (TreeHugger; Feb. 16, 2006)

Carbon nanotubes set to improve performance of ultracapacitors (http://lees.mit.edu/lees/projects/cnt_ultracap_project.htm) - Analysis shows that the utilization of a matrix of vertically aligned CNTs as electrode structure, can lead to an ultracapacitor characterized by a power density greater than 100kW/kg (three orders of magnitude higher than batteries), a lifetime longer than 300,000 cycles, and an energy density higher than 60Wh/kg. (MIT Laboratory for Electromagnetic and Electronic Systems)

Directories

Vanadium Redox Batteries Directory - The vanadium redox battery stores energy in a liquid electrolyte. It is a low cost, low environmental impact battery that has a superior deep cycling life and can be mechanically refuelled in minutes. It can be charged and discharged simultaneously. Applications include geen energy storage, backup power, electric vehicles and utility load levelling / peak shaving.

Utility Scale Batteries Directory - Recent developments indicate that utility scale batteries have finally reached a point of technological development in which they can be intergrated into the grid in select applications to ensure a constant power supply. This development will affect the entire alternative energy field, as large amounts of electricity generated by alternatives means from solar to wind to any alternative power source, can be stored in large quantities and used when necessary.

Lithium Ion Batteries Directory - Lithium Ion Batteries are one of the more promising battery technologies. Ovonics is the leading producer of Lithium Ion Batteries. Their batteries offer electric cars a 180 mile per charge range. Recenlty, Toshiba announced a breakthrough in Lithium Ion Battery technology that promises much faster recharge times (1 minute for 80% recharge) and denser power densisities. If this announcement lives up to their claims, a 200+ miles per charge car battery is likely.

Lithium Sulphur Batteries Directory - A derivative of the Lithium Ion Battery is the Lithium Sulphur Battery, which could potentially deliver a 300+ miles per charge car batteries for electric vehicles. The Lithium Sulphur Battery results from a unique merging of sulfur and lithium chemistries. The high electrochemical potential of lithium is combined with sulfur (Li-S) to attain superior rechargeable performance.

Silver Polymer Batteries Directory - The Silver Polymer Battery utilizes divalent silver oxide to achieve very high energy and power, yielding up to twice the energy to volume of current lithium ion and lithium polymer batteries. The gravimetric storage density for Silver Polymer Batteries is about the same as lithium ion batteries, but the volumetric energy density is much greater, because the materials are far denser than those in lithium batteries.

Proton Polymer Batteries Directory - Applying a large current in traditional batteries causes the phenomenon known as voltage drop, reducing the capacity dramatically. On the other hand, a Proton Polymer Battery is capable of supporting the large current required for higher-performance devices. In addition, due to its long service life, it essentially does not need to be replaced. And, as it does not contain hazardous materials, there is no need to recycle a proton polymer battery when it is comes to discarding it.

Flywheels Directory - A flywheel is a mechanical battery (a mechanical means of storing energy - simply a mass rotating about an axis). Flywheels store energy mechanically in the form of kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is energy of motion. The kinetic energy of an object is the energy it possesses because of its motion. As energy is transferred into a flywheel, as it spins, it builds up kinetic energy that can be released when necessary.

Capacitors Directory - A capacitor is similiar to a battery in that it is a medium for storing electrical energy. However, a capacitor is a much simpler device than a battery, it cannot produce new electrons -- it only stores them. Capacitors that are scaled up to power levels required for deliving power to vehicles and the utility grid are known as ultracapacitors.

Earth Batteries - Almost any liquid or moist object that has enough ions to be electrically conductive can serve as the electrolyte for a cell; but they are of no real practical use, because they produce far less current—and cost far more per unit of energy generated—than commercial cells.

PES Projects dealing with batteries

Bedini SG - Motor and battery energizer plans posted, allegedly tapping radiant energy. Charges batteries from battery input, but turns out to not be over unity.

Fraud

Europositron Rechargeable Aluminum Batteries - Technology based on nanoscale electrochemistry will allow production of rechargeable aluminum batteries providing up to 20 times more capacity than current batteries. The materials are environmentally safe and fully recycleable. 1-2 years to market. [Evidence of Fraud presented on Nov. 7, 2007]

Battery Reference Works

The "Battery Bible" -- DOWNLOAD (http://www.pureenergysystems.com/PESWiki/Directory/Bedini_SG/files/Bedini-The_Battery_Bible.pdf) (PDF 9.8 Mb)

New Technology Batteries Guide (http://www.nlectc.org/txtfiles/batteryguide/ba-cont.htm)
- Battery Handling and Maintenance (http://www.nlectc.org/txtfiles/batteryguide/ba-hand.htm#5.1) - Brief primer on battery dangers and extending battery life by New Technology Batteries Guide.
Lead Acid Batteries (http://www.pureenergysystems.com/PESWiki/Directory/Bedini_SG/files/Lead_Acid_Batteries.pdf) (PDF)
Short Primer on Lead-Acid Battery Types (http://www.pureenergysystems.com/PESWiki/Directory/Bedini_SG/files/Short_Primer_on_Lead-Acid_Battery_Types.pdf) (PDF)
Using Lead-Acid Batteries (http://www.pureenergysystems.com/PESWiki/Directory/Bedini_SG/files/Using_Lead-Acid_Batteries.pdf) (PDF)
Vonwentzel-battery (http://www.pureenergysystems.com/PESWiki/Directory/Bedini_SG/files/Vonwentzel-battery.pdf) (PDF 0.5Mb)

Battery Articles

Plug-in Car Tech's Race to Production (http://www.popularmechanics.com/automotive/new_cars/4248082.html?page=1) - Flashy concepts and expensive, limited edition sports cars have made the plug-in car market an attractive one. Now major car companies from Detroit to Japan are outsourcing for chemistry and spending big bucks in-house to put low-cost, high-power packs of lithium-ion in larger production fleets by 2010 or 2011. (Popular Mechanics; Feb. 6, 2008)

Saft Adds Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery (http://www.greencarcongress.com/2007/04/saft_adds_lithi.html) - Saft (http://www.saftbatteries.com) has added a new lithium iron phosphate (http://www.iloveebikes.com/batteries.html) (LiFePO4) technology to its product line-up, from supplier Phostech (http://www.phostechlithium.com/). The performance will be 20% - 30% inferior to its premier product based on a LiNiCoAlO2 cathode, but its good thermal stability can limit the explosive outcome resulting from severe abuse. (Green Car Congress; Apr. 25, 2007)

Flexible ‘organic radical’ battery (http://www.physorg.com/news93539877.html) - Japanese scientists have made a paper-like, organic polymer film rechargeable battery that is around 200 nanometres thick. It only takes one minute to fully charge and is good for 1,000 recharge cycles. It could be used for electronic devices and electric vehicles. (PhysOrg; Mar. 19, 2007)

All Cell Plug-in Escape Hybrid (http://www.greencarcongress.com/2007/03/all_cell_plugin.html) - All Cell Technologies (http://www.allcelltech.com/) is testing a converted Ford Escape Hybrid designed to double the fuel efficiency without altering the original controller. They added a li-ion battery pack that utilizes a passive thermal management system using phase change material (PCM), solving lithium's problem of heat release. (Green Car Congress; Mar. 14, 2007)

Hybrid battery will cut energy use (http://www.capetimes.co.za/index.php?fArticleId=3725944) - A new hybrid battery can charge and discharge simultaneously, and cuts energy use up to 27% due to lower requirement for electro motor force (EMF). It can be adapted to any size battery, from cell phones and vehicles to utility storage. (Cape Times; Mar. 12, 2007) (Thanks Keelynet (http://www.keelynet.com/))

Pee Powered Battery (http://www.treehugger.com/files/2007/03/just_what_we_ne_3.php) - Scientists soaked a piece of paper in a solution of copper chloride, sandwiched it between strips of magnesium and copper and laminated it in plastic. When a drop of urine is added to the paper through a slit in the plastic, a chemical reaction takes place that produces about 1.5 volts of electricity, the same as a standard AA battery, for about 90 minutes. (TreeHugger; Mar. 1, 2007)

Thin Film Batteries 40 Times More Efficient (http://www.nanotech-now.com/news.cgi?story_id=20587) - Micro-generation of energy is set to bring a worldwide economic revolution brought by the availability of thin film batteries that are more fuel-efficient, charge within minutes, and hold a charge 40 times longer than existing batteries. Thin film batteries can be charged from renewable energy sources and used to power the home and car. (Nanotechnology Now; Feb. 19, 2007)

Safer, Longer-Lasting Batteries (http://www.technologyreview.com/Energy/17513/) - Thin-film technology is still expensive, but it could soon run remote sensors and medical implants--and one day electric vehicles. These new batteries replace the liquid or gel electrolyte with thin layers of solid glass-like or polymer materials, which are more stable, and have the potential to significantly increase storage capacity. (MIT Technology Review; Sept. 19, 2006)

Brown engineers build a better battery -- with plastic (http://pesn.com/2006/09/14/9500236_plastic_batteries/) - It's thin, light, flexible -- and plastic. Brown University engineers have created a prototype polymer-based battery that packs more power than a standard alkaline battery and more storage capacity than a double-layered capacitor. (PESN; Sept. 14, 2006)

Batteries Charge Back (http://www.ferret.com.au/articles/CD/0C01ABCD.asp)
Long-Life Rechargeable Batteries (http://www.pnl.gov/energyscience/01-02/ws.htm)
Buy low, sell high (http://www.designnine.com/news/?q=node/727) - GridPoint (http://www.gridpoint.com/products/protect/) makes a filing cabinet size set of batteries with a built in computer which knows your local electric rates. The computer charges the batteries when rates are low, and then automatically puts the power back out when rates are high. See also CNN (http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fsb/fsb_archive/2006/05/01/8376209/index.htm?cnn=yes)

Understanding Batteries

Comments about the nature of batteries (http://peswiki.com/index.php/Directory:Bedini_SG:Battery_Characteristics), especially as they pertain to the Bedini charging circuits.

Most Ah Ratings are incorrect (http://peswiki.com/index.php/Directory:Batteries:Most_Ah_ratings_are_incorrect) - How to calculate more accurately to know your battery's true capacity and extend its life.

Battery Misconceptions -- Russell Levine on TEV (http://www.greaterthings.com/News/Tilley/commentary/020907Russell_Levine.htm)

Normal Battery Behavior Can be Mistaken for "Over Unity" (http://peswiki.com/index.php/Directory:Batteries:Increase_Voltage_Under_Load) - Virgin 12-volt lead-acid batteries increase in voltage under load (e.g. bulb) for a while after an initial rapid drop, before they gradually drop in voltage. (PESWiki; Jan. 30, 2005)

Battery Comments

Comments about the nature of batteries

Batteries, desulfation, impedance measurement (http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Bedini_SG/message/421) - tools and resources links.

Peukert Effect (http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Bedini_SG/message/613) - Basically states that there is an exponential relationship between current draw and battery capacity: the more current drawn from the battery, the less capacity it has to power that load. The effect is a little more amplified in lead acid batteries over NiCd and NMH batteries. (Jim, Dec 28, 2004)

Battery Chg / Dischg / Test / BK600 alternative (http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Bedini_SG/message/119)

Most Ah Ratings are incorrect - How to calculate more accurately to know your battery's true capacity and extend its life.

Hard to Measure Battery Performance - comment by Dennis Turner

Lithium Cell Warning! (http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Bedini_SG/message/341) - There is a high risk of leakage, fire or explosion if you overcharge a Li-Ion cell or it shorts due to internal circuitry failing or carelessness.

Make sure there is water in your cells if your batteries use water (http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Bedini_SG/message/275) - comment by Rick Friedrich, Nov. 13.

Normal Battery Behavior Can be Mistaken for "Over Unity" - Virgin 12-volt lead-acid batteries increase in voltage under load (e.g. bulb) for a while after an initial rapid drop, before they gradually drop in voltage.

HomePower Magazine Info on Batteries

-- from RS

Suppliers

Batteries.com (http://click.linksynergy.com/fs-bin/click?id=9tvrepIzh68&offerid=30423.10000029&type=3&subid=0) - 10% off entire selection with coupon code: SS10 at checkout
Wholesale Battery at CKB Products (http://www.ckbproducts.com/index.php/cPath/306) - Buy wholesale batteries and battery products from leading wholesale distributor. We carry batteries, electronics and over 1,000 general merchandise products at or below wholesale costs.
BatteryGenie.com (http://www.batterygenie.com) - For batteries, chargers, adapters and other electronics. All of our batteries are max capacity rechargeable, we don't sell alkaline.

Directories

Battery Technology (http://www.energyplanet.info/Batteries) - A visual directory of battery technology websites. (EnergyPlanet.info)
http://www.mpoweruk.com - The site contains a comprehensive knowledge base about battery technology, battery applications, chargers and ancillary equipment.
Wikipedia > Battery_(electricity) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity)
AnyBatteries.com (http://www.anybatteries.com/) - Directory of all things pertaining to batteries, from research and development to batteries now on the market. Includes sections on Tesla wireless technology. List your site there.

See Also

- Other Directory listings • Latest • A-I • J-R • S-Z • Tree • News
- PESWiki home page

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